Boro rice care, diagnosis and ways to increase yield
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Fertilizer and care management in boro paddy cultivation
Since the borough goes through a hostile environment from the seedbed to the planting, some special care has to be taken. Otherwise the yield of the borough is severely reduced. Infestation of various diseases and insects increases. On the other hand, in order to maintain the yield in the land, other varieties of crops have to be cultivated before or after the cultivation of paddy. In this way the fertility of the land can be maintained by cultivating a crop for a short period of time before planting or harvesting. If potato, mustard or bean can be cultivated before boro cultivation and dhancha can be cultivated after boro cultivation and mixed in the soil, then the health of the land can be maintained. This is because fertilizer is applied properly in these crops for better yield which is also useful for the next boro.
The addition of organic matter to the soil preserves the fertility of the land, the application of chemical fertilizers applied in the land is proper and the toxicity created in the land due to the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced. For this reason, if the crops that have been recommended for use or cultivation in the boro-transplanted aman crop system are taken care of, the high yield of boro is guaranteed. Following these cropping patterns can yield 30 to 35 per cent more per unit than conventional cropping patterns.
Different cropping patterns of boro cultivation have been recommended for high and medium elevation lands with irrigation facilities. Notable among these are-
1. Boro (BR 28) -Ropa Aman (Bridhan 32) -Marrow (Tori 6);
2. Boro (BR-28) -Ropa Aman (Bridhan 32) -Green Fertilizer (Shanpat);
3. Boro (Bridhan-28) -Gimakalmi-Ropa Aman (Bridhan-32);
4. Boro (BR3) -Patit-Ropa Aman (BR11);
5. Boro (BR 28) -Ropa Aman (Bridhan 32) -Vegetables (Peas / Shrubs);
6. Sprouted Bona Boro (Bridhan 28) - Green Fertilizer - Ropa Aman (BR 11)
If regular organic manure or green manure cannot be managed in the borough land, sufficient organic manure has to be applied regularly. Organic fertilizers used with chemical fertilizers during potato or rabi cultivation are considered by many to be sufficient even during boro cultivation. That means Boro uses less organic fertilizer. The expected yield can be achieved by using organic manure with the right amount of chemical fertilizer in the land of Boro.
As the effect of potash, phosphate, gypsum and zinc fertilizers used in Rabi crop is effective till the next crop, these fertilizers have to be applied in boro cultivation at half dose or based on the quantity used in the previous crop. However, since the effectiveness of urea fertilizer is short-lived in the soil, it should be applied sparingly in boro cultivation even if it is used in moderate amounts in previous crops.
Potash Fertilizer Potassium Different crops (potatoes and vegetables) take up an average of 120-140 kg per hectare from the soil. Phosphate Fertilizer component consumes 15 to 20 kg of phosphorus and 8 to 15 kg of secondary fertilizer (gypsum) and very little zinc. The rest remains on the land, which is used as boro paddy as the next crop. And that is why it is necessary to apply the fertilizer in the borough knowing the amount of these fertilizers applied in the previous crop.
In boro cultivation, the total urea fertilizer has to be applied evenly by dividing it evenly in three times. The first is to be mixed with the soil at the end of land preparation. The second time, 4 to 5 kushis are seen in most of the bunches of paddy and the last time, it has to be given 5 to 6 days before the crushing. The soil must have a lot of sap when applying urea. It is better to have 2 to 3 cm of water. Immediately after application of urea, weeding is done by hand or with a weeder, just as weeding is done on the one hand, and the applied fertilizer is mixed in the soil on the other hand. As a result of weeding, the applied urea can absorb as much as possible. However, it should be kept in mind that excessive use of urea does not increase the yield of paddy under any circumstances. For this, by increasing the use of LCC, i.e. by matching the color with the leaves of the paddy, urea has to be applied at the right time and in the right amount. Cocoon urea can be used in borough fields to save or increase the effectiveness of urea. To get the benefit of cocoon urea, one cocoon urea should be applied in every 4 clusters in the clay of the field planted in rows.
If the new leaves of the rice plant turn yellow even after application of urea and the growth and number of seedlings are reduced, it is considered to be due to drought and gypsum fertilizer at the rate of 60 kg / ha should be applied as a quick step. . Gypsum fertilizer can be applied on top with dry soil or ash or mixed with urea on top. If the fertilizer is not used wisely, the number of sheaves of paddy is less, the number of grains nourished in the sheaves is less and the number of cheetahs is more. This severely reduces the yield. As it takes more time to ripen the paddy of the affected field due to lack of fertilizer, the paddy of the same land starts ripening at different times. It is very difficult to cut the rice.
Many times the roots of the young leaves of the growing paddy plant turn white. Later other aged leaves turn yellow and brown spots are seen on the agar of the leaves and then dry out. The number of rice husks also decreases. Somewhere in the paddy field the seedlings are big and somewhere the seedlings are small. The leaf size is also small. If these symptoms are seen, it is assumed that there is a lack of zinc in the soil. At that time water has to be taken out from the land.
Then zinc fertilizer is applied at the rate of 10 kg per hectare. An easy way to prevent zinc fertilizer wastage is to spray twice 10 to 15 days and 30 to 35 days after planting the seedlings with 4.5 to 5 grams of zinc fertilizer per liter of clean water.
Irrigation and drainage management is one of the other activities of Boro field. After planting the seedlings, water should be kept in the land in such a way that the seedlings do not drown under any circumstances. Again, it is not the case that water has to be retained all the time in Boro paddy fields. If the field is kept dry for 3 to 4 days between one irrigation and another, the growth of paddy will not be reduced but water saving will be 25 to 30 percent of the total water consumption. In areas where irrigation is done through deep tube wells, it may be possible to irrigate about 40 per cent more land than the amount of water that can be irrigated at present. On the one hand, it is possible to reduce the cost of water, on the other hand, it is possible to increase the area under cultivation. Again, not consuming more water reduces the risk of the water level going down. In this way water can be irrigated till the boro fields come to a standstill. However, it is better to keep water at a depth of 5 to 6 cm in the soil when the drought begins.
Before applying the fertilizer, it is necessary to reduce the water from the soil and apply top dressing. After 2 to 3 days, re-irrigation of the land increases the effectiveness of the applied fertilizer. Using granular pesticides while retaining water in the soil also increases its effectiveness. From the formation of the grains of paddy till the time of ripening of the grains before the ripening of the paddy, water can be retained in the soil. As soon as the grains start to harden, water has to be removed from the soil and the soil has to be kept in a wet state.
The land is usually irrigated by cutting isles. This removes soil and water from the land and wastes it. The use of plastic tape or PVC pipes to prevent this can be done by removing soil and preventing water wastage as well as reducing the cost of irrigation. This is because it is possible to irrigate about 42 percent more land in this system than in raw drains.
Diagnosis of borodhan
Insects as well as diseases are a problem in rice production. Farmer brothers do not give as much importance in controlling diseases as they do in controlling rice pests. Because they do not have enough experience in diagnosing the symptoms of the disease, they cannot diagnose rice in the field and cannot take proper management as they do not recognize the disease properly. As a result, they unknowingly lose their crops and spread the disease germs through the infected plants. Leaving these seeds and cultivating paddy with them in the next season also spreads the disease in those paddy fields. To get rid of this condition, the farmers need to know the techniques so that they can easily diagnose the disease in the field. Besides, if they appear in the field after recognizing the disease, then they also need to know what to do.
Rice disease
Paddy plants are affected by various diseases from seed germination to ripening. Tungro, leaf blight, blast, scab and bending are the main diseases. Most of these diseases are seed-borne. Therefore, it is necessary to take care that the part of the field or crop selected for seed collection is not affected by these diseases.
Brown spot diagnosis technique
If too many yellow embryos and brown discoloration are seen from the seed, then it should be understood that the seed is infected with a type of fungus. In this disease, small dark brown or purple spots with round dots appear on the leaves at first. Gradually the spots grow and take on an oval brown color. The center of the spot is gray or white. Most spots have a light yellow ring around them. In a favorable environment, the spots gradually spread over the entire sheaf and the grains become sticky and the yield decreases.
Integrated management
Before sowing, select the seeds and remove the thin seeds with brown spots. Purify the seeds if possible.
- Planting disease free seedlings.
- If there is a shortage of potash, zinc etc. in the land, fill it and use a balanced dose of fertilizer.
- Collecting seeds from dry trees.
- Keep the seedbed or soil wet or damp all the time.
Curvature diagnostic techniques
If there are gray to white spots on the leaves of the seedlings and if the seedlings look yellowish-green and become abnormally tall, then it should be understood that the seedlings are infected with the fungus bacterium, which causes curvature. And if a yellow ring is seen on all four sides of the spot and the tree grows abnormally tall, flowers come out earlier than a dry tree, branched roots grow from the lower knot and the sheaf grains become sticky, then the tree is affected by curvature.
Integrated management
- Do not use the same land for seedbed.
- Infected trees are burned.
- Cultivation of some resistant rice varieties.
- Keep the seedbed moist or wet.
- Purify the seeds.
Leaf burn diagnosis technique
If watery spots are seen on the leaves of the seedlings, the embryos turn brown and the leaves start turning yellow, then it should be understood that the seedlings are infected with bacterial germs which cause leaf blight disease in rice. The spots start from one end of the leaf, either end or anywhere on the wound leaf and gradually the whole leaf burns or burns and dries like straw. In invasive varieties of rice, the spots may extend to the bottom of the leaf shell. At one point the whole leaf burns or burns and dries up like straw.
Integrated management
- Cultivation of disease resistant varieties of paddy.
- Apply a balanced dose of fertilizer.
- Removing the affected tree and bringing Kushi from the next tree and planting it
- Drain the affected field and dry it for 8-10 days.
- Dry the land and burn it in the field.
- Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer on the affected field.
- Apply 5 kg potash fertilizer per bigha in the affected field and mix it well in the soil to reduce the severity of the disease.
Blast diagnostic techniques
If the white to gray spots on the leaves gradually grow larger and appear on many leaves and many spots become like acid burns, then it must be understood that the plant is infected with fungal bacteria or blast disease. This disease can also cause knots and ear blasts. In that case dark decay spots can be seen at the base of the knot and the head.
Integrated management
- Before sowing, select the seeds and remove the spotted thin seeds.
- Collect seeds from disease free land.
- Apply urea fertilizer in balanced doses.
- Keep water on the land at all times.
- Cultivation of blast resistant varieties of paddy.
Diagnosis strategies
If there are signs of burns like the skin of a cobra in the opening of the base of the tree, then it should be understood that the tree has been infected with the fungus or scab. As a result of this disease, the lower adult leaves and even the apex are similarly affected.
Integrated management
- To cultivate cleanly.
- Cultivate the land with a plow, dry it and burn it in the plowed land.
- Use urea, TSP and potash fertilizers in a balanced manner.
- Planting saplings at right distance according to the variety of rice.
- After seeing the disease, good results can be obtained by giving 5 kg MOP fertilizer in two installments per 15 days interval.
Ways to increase the yield of boro paddy
Here are some strategies for growing Boro rice.
One. Cultivation of high yielding varieties of paddy. Such as: BR1, BR3, BR7, BR7, BR7, BR9, BR11, BR12, BR14, BR15, BR18, BR18, BR18, BR19, Bridhan 28, Bridhan 29, Bridhan 35, Bridhan 35, Bridhan 35, Bridhan Brihybrid Paddy-2, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Eratum-24 etc.
Two. Apply fertilizer in balanced dose at the right time. With the last cultivation, TSP 13 kg, MOP 12 kg, gypsum 6 kg, gadhak 8 kg and zinc 1 kg should be mixed in the soil per bigha. 10-15 days after planting the seedlings, three 0.9 gm or 2.6-3.0 gm cocoon urea should be applied at a depth of 4-5 cm between the four clusters. It takes 21-22 kg of urea per bigha. It is applied only once till the paddy is harvested. Yield is 20-25 percent higher. It produces four to five manas of paddy per bigha. It takes 35-40 percent less urea.
Three. If boro paddy is planted in the month of Poush-Magh, the yield is higher. The distance from row to row is 20-25 cm and the distance from cluster to cluster is 15-20 cm. The age of the seedlings is 40-50 days. Seedlings can absorb more nutrients if planted a little deeper. The land needs to be leveled. Seedlings should be clean, vigorous, green and fresh. One or two saplings should be planted in each bunch. When the seedlings die, new seedlings have to be planted again. If seedlings are planted late, pollination does not take place and as a result paddy is chewed.
Four. Weeds should be cleaned before applying fertilizer. Studies have shown that weeds reduce yield by 20-25 percent. Because weeds absorb nutrients. If weeds are controlled at the right time, the yield increases by 20-25 percent.
Five. Irrigation at the right time increases the yield by 15-25 percent. From the time of planting the seedlings till the time of germination, watering should be done sparingly. The amount of water has to be doubled before the kaich thor comes. Irrigation two-three days after application of fertilizer increases the effectiveness of fertilizer. Kushi grows if water is not kept in the land. When the paddy is hard at the time of ripening, water should be removed from the land.
Six. If diseases and insects are controlled at the right time, the yield is 15 to 20 percent higher. There are 31 diseases of rice and 175 species of insects in the country. Of these, 10 diseases and 20 to 30 insects cause severe damage. Severely harmful insects are yellow midge, palm beetle, funnel beetle, grasshopper, leaf beetle, green leafhopper, almond grasshopper etc. These insects can be controlled with hand nets, light traps, pulses in the field, ground water extraction, sex pheromone traps and pesticides. Among the deadly diseases are tungro, leaf blight, blast, scab, scab etc. In order to prevent these diseases, disease free seeds, pest tolerant varieties, balanced fertilizer application, planting of seedlings at right distances, contemporary cultivation etc. can be adopted. In addition, diseases and insects can be controlled by biological control methods.
Seven. Yield is low for rice cheetahs. Yield can be increased by preventing rice blight. Chita is unbearably cold or hot for rice, drought, storm, storm etc. Apart from this, lack of irrigation, lack of balanced fertilizer, disruption in pollination, lack of care etc. are the reasons for this. To prevent cheetah, 40-50 days old seedlings should be planted between Poush and Magh months. Irrigation should be given at the time of emergence and emergence of flowers. The latest technology of zinc and boron does not chew rice when applied chelated zinc and soluble boron. For the first time after 20-22 days of planting and for the second time after 40-45 days, one gram of Liberal Zinc and two grams of Liberal Boron should be mixed and sprayed in one liter of water.
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